Square waveform with minimal value of 0 V and maximal value of 3.3 V (or 5 V for TTL signal). The most important feature of the PWM signal is its frequency produced by microcontrollers, microcomputers, and NUCLEO boards or chips. It is usually employed to drive other components of an electrical circuit .
Pulse width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation, is a technique for controlling the average power delivered to a load by rapidly switching the supply on and off. The effective average voltage delivered to the load is adjusted by varying the duration of the ‚on‘ time compared to the ‚off‘ time.
Regarding TTL voltage levels, many of the systems we utilize operate on 3.3V or 5V TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) levels. This logic family uses circuits constructed from bipolar transistors to perform switching operations and maintain logic states, with transistors essentially functioning as electrically controlled switches. Understanding the threshold voltage levels, such as the standard levels for 5V TTL, is crucial for each logic family.